Key Components of the U.S. College Application
The following is a list and brief explanation of each application requirement. A more in-depth explanation of each application requirement is provided in the following sections.
The Common Application (Common App)
The Common App is an online platform used by over 900 U.S. colleges and universities. It allows students to fill out a single application that can be sent to multiple schools (not including the UC system). In the Common App, you will be able to create an account with basic personal information, academic history, and your main college essays which will be automatically sent to your schools.
Biographical Information
This section includes your name, contact details, date of birth, citizenship, family background, and other basic demographic information. It’s essential to ensure accuracy as this data forms the foundation of your application.
1–3 Letters of Recommendation
Most colleges require letters from teachers and/or school counselors who know you well. These letters provide admissions officers with an external perspective on your character, academic ability, and personal qualities.
High School Transcripts and GPA
Official transcripts are required from all secondary schools you’ve attended. Your GPA and coursework help colleges evaluate your academic preparedness in the context of your school system.
Standardized Test Scores
U.S. colleges often require standardized test scores such as the SAT or ACT or an international equivalent. The good news is that these standardized test requirements are often optional for international students! Make sure to check each school’s requirements for international applicants.
Language Proficiency Scores
If English is not your first language, you may be required to submit TOEFL, IELTS, or Duolingo English Test scores to demonstrate your language skills. Schools may have minimum score requirements to be eligible for admission.
A 1–2 Page Résumé
Your résumé summarizes your academic, extracurricular, volunteer, and work experiences. Keep it concise and well-organized to highlight your strengths and contributions.
Extracurricular Activities, Work Experience, and Family Responsibilities
Colleges are interested in how you spend your time outside the classroom. The Common App allows you to list up to 10 activities, including clubs, jobs, family obligations, athletics, and more.
Academic Honors and Achievements
You can list up to five awards or distinctions, such as science fair wins, national exams, or leadership accolades. These help contextualize your academic rigor and success.
Personal Statement
This is the main essay on the Common App (650 words maximum). It’s your chance to showcase your voice, values, background, and motivations. A compelling personal statement can distinguish you from thousands of other applicants.
Supplemental Essays and Writing Samples
Many colleges require additional writing beyond the personal statement. These essays are school-specific and often ask about your interest in the institution, your intended major, or your personal values. Some competitive programs may request graded writing samples or project portfolios.
A quick note on application requirements: Do not be concerned if your experiences do not fall neatly into these categories. U.S. college requirements are tailored to American students’ experience, and schools outside of the US often do not issue awards or honors in the same way as American schools do. Admission committees know this and will evaluate your application accordingly. Your mentor will also help you frame your experiences such that they can be incorporated into the Common App format!